SQL Commands

These are the 16 SQL commands, separated into commonly used groups:

The Data Manipulation Language (DML) commands:

■ SELECT
■ INSERT
■ UPDATE
■ DELETE
■ MERGE

The Data Definition Language (DDL) commands:

■ CREATE
■ ALTER
■ DROP
■ RENAME
■ TRUNCATE
■ COMMENT

The Data Control Language (DCL) commands:

■ GRANT

■ REVOKE

The Transaction Control Language (TCL) commands:

■ COMMIT
■ ROLLBACK
■ SAVEPOINT
The first command, SELECT, is the main subject of Chapters 2 through 9.
The remaining DML commands are covered in Chapter 10, along with the TCL
commands. DDL is detailed in Chapters 11 and 12. DCL, which has to do with
security, is only briefly mentioned: it falls more into the domain of the database
administrator than the developers.